What is PCOS?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age, making it one of the most common hormonal disorders. Yet an estimated 70% of cases remain undiagnosed.

What is PCOS?

PCOS is a hormonal condition characterized by:

• Irregular periods — Infrequent, irregular, or prolonged menstrual cycles
• Excess androgens — Elevated levels of male hormones causing acne, hair growth, or hair loss
• Polycystic ovaries — Ovaries may be enlarged with many small follicles

You don’t need all three features to be diagnosed with PCOS — two out of three is typically sufficient.

Common Symptoms

• Irregular or absent periods
• Heavy bleeding when periods do occur
• Excess facial and body hair (hirsutism)
• Acne, especially on the face, chest, and back
• Weight gain, particularly around the midsection
• Thinning hair or male-pattern baldness
• Darkening of skin in certain areas
• Skin tags
• Difficulty getting pregnant

The Four Types of PCOS

1. Insulin-Resistant PCOS

The most common type. High insulin levels cause the ovaries to produce excess testosterone.

2. Post-Pill PCOS

Occurs after stopping hormonal birth control. Usually temporary.

3. Inflammatory PCOS

Chronic inflammation causes the ovaries to produce excess testosterone.

4. Adrenal PCOS

Elevated DHEA-S from the adrenal glands, rather than ovarian androgens.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Genetics — PCOS runs in families
• Insulin resistance — Present in up to 70% of women with PCOS
• Inflammation — Low-grade chronic inflammation
• Hormonal imbalances — Elevated LH, androgens

Management Strategies

Lifestyle Changes

• Anti-inflammatory diet
• Regular exercise
• Stress management
• Adequate sleep

Medical Treatments

• Metformin for insulin resistance
• Hormonal birth control
• Anti-androgen medications
• Fertility treatments if trying to conceive

Supplements (Consult Your Provider)

• Inositol
• Berberine
• Omega-3 fatty acids
• Vitamin D

Understanding your specific type of PCOS is crucial for effective management. Ona can help you track symptoms and identify patterns that may indicate which type you have.